Which of the following is categorized as a hygiene factor in Herzberg's theory?

• A. Achievement
• B. Recognition
• C. Salary
• D. Responsibility

Answer: (C)

In Herzberg's Two-Factor Theory, hygiene factors are elements that can lead to job dissatisfaction if they are absent but do not necessarily motivate employees when they are present. These factors are often related to the work environment and include things like company policies, fringe benefits, physical working conditions, and salary.

Salary is considered a hygiene factor because while it is crucial for an employee's sense of fairness and security, its presence alone does not motivate employees to perform better or to reach higher levels of satisfaction. Rather, sufficient salary is expected, and its absence can lead to dissatisfaction. Conversely, when salary expectations are met, it does not significantly enhance motivation or job performance.

Other factors like achievement, recognition, and responsibility fall into the category of motivators in Herzberg's theory, as they tend to promote higher levels of satisfaction and motivation when achieved. These are intrinsic to the job and lead to a greater sense of fulfillment and engagement in one's work.